December 9

December 9 is the 343rd day of the year (344th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 22 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events

• 536 – Byzantine General Belisarius enters Rome while the Ostrogothic garrison peacefully leaves the city, returning the old capital to its empire.
• 1425 – The Catholic University of Leuven is founded.
• 1531 – The Virgin of Guadalupe first appears to Juan Diego at Tepeyac, Mexico City.
• 1793 – New York City's first daily newspaper, the American Minerva, is established by Noah Webster.
• 1824 – Patriot forces led by General Antonio José de Sucre defeat a Royalist army in the Battle of Ayacucho, putting an end to the Peruvian War of Independence.
• 1835 – The Republic of Texas captures San Antonio, Texas.
• 1851 – The first YMCA in North America is established in Montreal, Quebec.
• 1856 – The Iranian city of Bushehr surrenders to occupying British forces.
• 1861 – American Civil War: The Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War is established by the U.S. Congress.
• 1872 – In Louisiana, P. B. S. Pinchback becomes the first serving African-American governor of a U.S. state.
• 1875 – The Massachusetts Rifle Association, "America's Oldest Active Gun Club", is founded.
• 1888 – Statistician Herman Hollerith installs his computing device at the United States War Department.
• 1897 – Activist Marguerite Durand founds the feminist daily newspaper, La Fronde, in Paris.
• 1905 – In France, the law separating church and state is passed.
• 1917 – In Palestine, Field Marshal Edmund Allenby captures Jerusalem.
• 1922 – Gabriel Narutowicz is announced the first president of Poland.
• 1931 – The Constituent Cortes approves the constitution which establishes the Second Spanish Republic.
• 1935 – Walter Liggett, American newspaper editor and muckraker, is killed in gangland murder.
• 1937 – Second Sino-Japanese War: Battle of Nanjing – Japanese troops under the command of Lt. Gen. Asaka Yasuhiko launch an assault on the Chinese city of Nanjing.
• 1940 – World War II: Operation Compass – British and Indian troops under the command of Major-General Richard O'Connor attack Italian forces near Sidi Barrani in Egypt.
• 1941 – World War II: The Republic of China, Cuba, Guatemala, the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea, and the Philippine Commonwealth, declare war on Germany and Japan.
• 1941 – World War II: The 19th Bombardment Group attacks Japanese ships off the coast of Vigan, Luzon.
• 1946 – The "Subsequent Nuremberg Trials" begin with the "Doctors' Trial", prosecuting doctors alleged to be involved in human experimentation.
• 1950 – Harry Gold is sentenced to thirty years in jail for helping Klaus Fuchs pass information about the Manhattan Project to the Soviet Union. His testimony is later instrumental in the prosecution of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg.
• 1953 – Red Scare: General Electric announces that all communist employees will be discharged from the company.
• 1956 – Trans-Canada Air Lines Flight 810, a Canadair North Star, crashes near Hope, British Columbia, Canada, killing all 62 people on board.
• 1958 – The John Birch Society was founded in the United States.
• 1960 – The first episode of Britain's longest running television soap opera Coronation Street is broadcast.
• 1961 – The trial of Nazi Adolf Eichmann in Israel ends with verdicts of guilty on 15 criminal charges, including charges of crimes against humanity, crimes against the Jewish people and membership of an outlawed organization.
• 1961 – Tanganyika becomes independent from Britain.
• 1962 – The Petrified Forest National Park is established in Arizona.
• 1965 – The Kecksburg UFO incident: a fireball is seen from Michigan to Pennsylvania; witnesses report something crashing in the woods near Pittsburgh. In 2005 NASA admits that it examined an object.
• 1966 – Barbados joins the United Nations.
• 1968 – NLS (a system for which hypertext and the computer mouse were developed) is publicly demonstrated for the first time in San Francisco.
• 1971 – The United Arab Emirates join the United Nations.
• 1979 – The eradication of the smallpox virus is certified, making smallpox the first and to date only human disease driven to extinction.
• 1987 – Israeli-Palestinian conflict: The First Intifada begins in the Gaza Strip and West Bank.
• 1988 – The Michael Hughes Bridge in Sligo, Ireland is officially opened.
• 2000 – The Supreme Court of the United States stays the sixth Florida recount.
• 2003 – A blast in the center of Moscow kills six people and wounds several more.
• 2006 – Moscow suffers its worst fire since 1977, killing 45 women in a drug rehabilitation center.
• 2008 – The Governor of Illinois, Rob Blagojevich, is arrested by federal officials for a number of alleged crimes including attempting to sell the United States Senate seat being vacated by President-elect Barack Obama's election to the Presidency.

Births

• 1447 – Chenghua, Emperor of China (d. 1487)
• 1508 – Gemma Frisius, Dutch mathematician and cartographer (d. 1555)
• 1561 – Sir Edwin Sandys, English-born Virginian colonist (d. 1629)
• 1571 – Metius (Adriaan Adriaanszoon), Dutch mathematician and astronomer (d. 1635)
• 1579 – Martin de Porres, Peruvian saint (d. 1639)
• 1594 – Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden (d. 1632)
• 1608 – John Milton, English poet (d. 1674)
• 1610 – Baldassare Ferri, Italian castrato (d. 1680)
• 1652 – Augustus Quirinus Rivinus, German physician (d. 1723)
• 1667 – William Whiston, English mathematician (d. 1752)
• 1717 – Johann Joachim Winckelmann, German art historian (d. 1768)
• 1748 – Claude Louis Berthollet, French chemist (d. 1822)
• 1751 – Maria Luisa of Parma, queen of Charles IV of Spain (d. 1819)
• 1787 – John Dobson, English architect (d. 1865)
• 1806 – Jean-Olivier Chénier, French Canadian physician and Patriote (d. 1838)
• 1837 – Émile Waldteufel, French composer (d. 1915)
• 1842 – Peter Kropotkin, Russian anarchist (d. 1921)
• 1845 – Joel Chandler Harris, American writer (d. 1908)
• 1847 – George Grossmith, English actor and writer (d. 1912)
• 1850 – Emma Abbott, American soprano (d. 1891)
• 1868 – Fritz Haber, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1934)
• 1871 – Joe Kelley, American baseball player (d. 1943)
• 1876 – Berton Churchill, American actor (d. 1940)
• 1882 – Joaquín Turina, Spanish composer (d. 1949)
• 1883 – Nikolai Luzin, Russian mathematician (d. 1950)
• 1883 – Alexander Papagos, Greek General and Prime Minister (d. 1955)
• 1886 – Clarence Birdseye, American frozen food manufacturer (d. 1956)
• 1887 – Tim Moore, American actor and vaudevillian (d. 1958)
• 1889 – Hannes Kolehmainen, Finnish long-distance runner (d. 1966)
• 1891 – Maksim Bahdanovič, Belarusian poet (d. 1917)
• 1895 – Dolores Ibárruri, Spanish political leader (d. 1989)
• 1895 – Conchita Supervía, Spanish opera singer (d. 1936)
• 1897 – Hermione Gingold, English actress (d. 1987)
• 1898 – Emmett Kelly, American circus clown (d. 1979)
• 1899 – Jean de Brunhoff, French author (d. 1937)
• 1900 – Albert Weisbord, American labor organizer (d. 1977)
• 1901 – Carol Dempster, American actress (d. 1991)
• 1901 – Ödön von Horváth, Hungarian-born writer (d. 1938)
• 1901 – Jean Mermoz, French pilot (d. 1936)
• 1902 – Margaret Hamilton, American actress (d. 1985)
• 1904 – Robert Livingston, American actor (d. 1988)
• 1905 – Dalton Trumbo, American writer (d. 1976)
• 1906 – Grace Hopper, American computer pioneer (d. 1992)
• 1909 – Douglas Fairbanks, Jr., American actor (d. 2000)
• 1911 – Broderick Crawford, American actor (d. 1986)
• 1911 – Ryūzō Sejima, Japanese educator (d. 2007)
• 1912 – Tip O'Neill, Speaker of the United States House of Representatives (d. 1994)
• 1914 – Frances Reid, American actress (d. 2010)
• 1915 – Elisabeth Schwarzkopf, German-born soprano (d. 2006)
• 1916 – Kirk Douglas, American actor
• 1916 – Jerome Beatty Jr., American author (d. 2002)
• 1917 – James Angleton, head of counterintelligence for the CIA (d. 1987)
• 1917 – James Rainwater, American physicist, Nobel laureate (d. 1986)
• 1918 – Joyce Redman, Irish actress
• 1919 – William Lipscomb, American chemist, Nobel laureate
• 1920 – Carlo Azeglio Ciampi, President of the Italian Republic
• 1922 – Redd Foxx, American comedian (d. 1991)
• 1925 – Dina Merrill, American actress
• 1926 – Henry Way Kendall, American physicist, Nobel laureate (d. 1999)
• 1926 – Jan Křesadlo, Czech writer (d. 1995)
• 1927 – Pierre Henry, French composer
• 1928 – André Milhoux, Belgian racing driver
• 1928 – Dick Van Patten, American actor
• 1929 – John Cassavetes, American actor and director (d. 1989)
• 1929 – Bob Hawke, 23rd Prime Minister of Australia
• 1930 – Buck Henry, American actor
• 1931 – William Reynolds, American actor
• 1931 – Ladislav Smoljak, Czech actor
• 1932 – Edd Wheeler, American singer-songwriter
• 1933 – Ashleigh Brilliant, American writer (Pot-Shots)
• 1933 – Morton Downey Jr., American talk show host (d. 2001)
• 1933 – Monique Miller, French Canadian actress
• 1933 – Orville Moody, American golfer (d. 2008)
• 1934 – Dame Judi Dench, English actress
• 1934 – Junior Wells, American musician (d. 1998)
• 1937 – Darwin Joston, American actor (d. 1998)
• 1938 – David Houston, American country singer (d. 1993)
• 1938 – Deacon Jones, American football player
• 1940 – Clancy Eccles, Jamaican Reggae Musician (d. 2005)
• 1941 – Beau Bridges, American actor
• 1941 – Dan Hicks, American musician
• 1942 – Billy Bremner, Scottish footballer (d. 1997)
• 1942 – Dick Butkus, American football player
• 1943 – Pit Martin, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2008)
• 1944 – Neil Innes, English singer/songwriter (Bonzo Dog Doo-Dah Band, The Rutles)
• 1944 – Ki Longfellow, American novelist
• 1944 – Bob O'Connor, American politician (d. 2006)
• 1945 – Matti Mäntylä, Finnish actor
• 1945 – Michael Nouri, American actor
• 1946 – Sonia Gandhi, Italian-born Indian politician
• 1946 – Shatrughan Sinha, Indian actor
• 1947 – Tom Daschle, American politician
• 1947 – Jaak Jõerüüt, Soviet-born Estonian politician
• 1948 – Dennis Dunaway, American musician
• 1948 – Marleen Gorris, Dutch film director
• 1949 – Tom Kite, American golfer
• 1949 – Nando Parrado, Uruguayan plane crash survivor
• 1950 – Joan Armatrading, St. Kitts-born English singer
• 1952 – Liaqat Baloch, Pakistani politician
• 1952 – Michael Dorn, American actor
• 1953 – World B. Free, American basketball player
• 1953 – John Malkovich, American actor
• 1954 – Herman Finkers, Dutch comedian
• 1955 – Chamras Saewataporn, Thai composer and musician
• 1957 – Donny Osmond, American singer and actor
• 1957 – Peter O’Mara, Australian jazz guitarist and comopser
• 1958 – Rikk Agnew, American guitarist (The Adolescents)
• 1958 – Nick Seymour, Australian bassist (Crowded House)
• 1960 – Terry Moran, American TV reporter
• 1960 – Stefen Fangmeier, American film director
• 1960 – Dobroslav Paraga,Croatian politician and editor
• 1960 – Juan Samuel, Dominican baseball player
• 1961 – David Anthony Higgins, American actor
• 1961 – Joe Lando, American actor
• 1962 – Felicity Huffman, American actress
• 1963 – Dave Hilton, Jr., Canadian boxer
• 1963 – Masako, Crown Princess of Japan
• 1964 – Hape Kerkeling, German actor, TV presenter and comedian
• 1964 – Johannes B. Kerner, German TV presenter
• 1964 – Paul Landers, German guitarist (Rammstein)
• 1965 – Joe Ausanio, American baseball player
• 1965 – Vecepia Towery, American Survivor contestant, Winner of Survivor: Marquesas
• 1966 – Michael Foster drummer for rock band FireHouse.
• 1966 – Kirsten Gillibrand, American politician, junior senator of New York
• 1966 – Montserrat Gil Torné is an Andorran politician.
• 1966 – Dave Harold an English professional snooker player
• 1966 – Toby Huss, American actor
• 1966 – Dana Murzyn a retired Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman.
• 1966 – Spencer Rochfort a Canadian American television and film actor.
• 1966 – Julio Alberto Rodas Hurtarte former Guatemalan professional football striker.
• 1966 – Mateo Romero a Native American painter.
• 1966 – Gideon Sa'ar an Israeli politician
• 1966 – Kadyrbek Sarbayev foreign minister of Kyrgyzstan
• 1966 – Shane Scott American director, writer, producer, cinematographer, editor and musician.
• 1966 – Martin Taylor a goalkeeping coach at Derby County and former footballer.
• 1966 – Natee Thongsookkaew a Thai football player and former Thailand national team captain
• 1967 – Vineet Bhatia, First Indian chef to receive the Michelin star
• 1967 – Jason Dozzell, English footballer
• 1967 – Gheorghe Popescu, Romanian footballer
• 1968 – Kurt Angle, American wrestler
• 1968 – Brian Bell, American guitarist (Weezer)
• 1968 – Dave Harold, English snooker player
• 1968 – Brent Price, American basketball player
• 1969 – Jakob Dylan, American singer (The Wallflowers)
• 1969 – Bixente Lizarazu, French footballer
• 1969 – Allison Smith, American actress
• 1969 – Sebastian Spence, Canadian actor
• 1970 – Kara DioGuardi, American songwriter, record producer, and singer
• 1970 – Lance Krall, American comedian
• 1971 – Petr Nedvěd, Czech ice hockey player
• 1972 – Reiko Aylesworth, American actress
• 1972 – Tre Cool, German-born American drummer (Green Day)
• 1972 – Fabrice Santoro, Tahitian-born French tennis player
• 1973 – Fabio Artico, Italian footballer
• 1974 – Rahat Fateh Ali Khan,Pakistani singer
• 1974 – Canibus, American rapper
• 1974 – Wendy Dillinger, American footballer and coach
• 1976 – Chris Booker, American baseball player
• 1977 – Saskia Garel, Canadian actress
• 1977 – Shayne Graham, American football player
• 1977 – Imogen Heap, English singer-songwriter
• 1978 – Gaston Gaudio, Argentine tennis player
• 1978 – Jesse Metcalfe, American actor
• 1979 – Chen Hao, Chinese actress
• 1979 – Olivia Lufkin, Japanese singer
• 1979 – Stephen McPhail, Irish footballer
• 1980 – Ryder Hesjedal, Canadian cyclist
• 1980 – Simon Helberg, American actor
• 1981 – Mardy Fish, American tennis player
• 1981 – Dia Mirza, Indian actress
• 1982 – Tamilla Abassova, Russian cyclist
• 1982 – Nathalie De Vos, Belgian athlete
• 1982 – Ryan Grant, American football player
• 1983 – Jermaine Beckford, English footballer
• 1983 – Dariusz Dudka, Polish footballer
• 1984 – Leon Hall, American football player
• 1987 – Mat Latos, American baseball player
• 1989 – Lindsey Evans, American glamor model
• 1990 – LaFee, German singer
• 1991 – Prince Joachim of Belgium, Archduke of Austria-Este
• 2001 – Ronnie Paris, African American child abuse and murder victim

Deaths

• 1165 – King Malcolm IV of Scotland (b. 1141)
• 1437 – Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1368)
• 1544 – Teofilo Folengo, Italian poet (b. 1491)
• 1565 – Pope Pius IV (b. 1499)
• 1603 – William Watson, English conspirator (b. 1559)
• 1625 – Ubbo Emmius, Dutch historian and geographer (b. 1547)
• 1636 – Fabian Birkowski, Polish writer (b. 1566)
• 1640 – Pierre Fourier, Roman Catholic saint and French priest (b. 1565)
• 1641 – Anthony van Dyck, Flemish painter (b. 1599)
• 1669 – Pope Clement IX (b. 1600)
• 1674 – Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon, English statesman and historian (b. 1609)
• 1706 – King Peter II of Portugal (b. 1648)
• 1718 – Vincenzo Coronelli, Italian cartographer and encylopaedist (b. 1650)
• 1793 – Gabrielle de Polastron, comtesse de Polignac, French aristocrat (b. 1749)
• 1798 – Johann Reinhold Forster, German botanist (b. 1729)
• 1830 – Heinrich Christian Friedrich Schumacher, Danish surgeon (b. 1757)
• 1854 – Almeida Garrett, Portuguese writer (b. 1799)
• 1858 – Robert Baldwin, Canadian politician (b. 1804)
• 1887 – Mahmadu Lamine, Senegalese marabout and military leader
• 1894 – Pafnuty Chebyshev, Russian mathematician (b. 1821)
• 1906 – Ferdinand Brunetière, French writer and critic (b. 1849)
• 1916 – Natsume Sōseki, Japanese novelist (b. 1867)
• 1924 – Bernard Zweers, Dutch composer and music teacher (b. 1854)
• 1930 – Rube Foster, American baseball player (b. 1879)
• 1935 – Walter Liggett, American newspaper editor (b. 1886)
• 1937 – Nils Gustaf Dalén, Swedish physicist, Nobel laureate (b. 1869)
• 1941 – Dmitry Merezhkovsky, Russian writer and philosopher (b. 1865)
• 1943 – Georges Dufrénoy, French post-impressionnist painter (b. 1870)
• 1952 – Abe Manley, Negro League Baseball owner (b. 1885)
• 1955 – Hermann Weyl, German mathematician (b. 1885)
• 1964 – Dame Edith Sitwell, English poet and critic (b. 1887)
• 1965 – Branch Rickey, American baseball executive (b. 1884)
• 1967 – Charles Léon Hammes, Luxembourgian lawyer (b. 1898)
• 1970 – Artem Mikoyan, Soviet aircraft designer (b. 1905)
• 1970 – Sir Feroz Khan Noon, Pakistani politician (b. 1893)
• 1971 – Ralph Bunche, American diplomat, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1904)
• 1971 – Sergey Konenkov, Russian sculptor (b. 1874)
• 1972 – Louella Parsons, American gossip columnist (b. 1881)
• 1975 – William A. Wellman, American movie director (b. 1896)
• 1979 – Fulton J. Sheen, American archbishop and television preacher (b. 1895)
• 1981 – Daniel Faulkner, Philadelphia police officer (b. 1955)
• 1982 – Leon Jaworski, Watergate scandal special prosecutor (b. 1905)
• 1984 – Razzle, English drummer (Hanoi Rocks) (b. 1960)
• 1992 – Vincent Gardenia, American actor (b. 1922)
• 1993 – Danny Blanchflower, Northern Irish footballer and manager (b. 1926)
• 1994 – Garnett Silk, Jamaican reggae singer (b. 1966)
• 1995 – Toni Cade Bambara, American author (b. 1939)
• 1995 – Douglas Corrigan, American aviator (b. 1907)
• 1996 – Patty Donahue, American singer (The Waitresses) (b. 1956)
• 1996 – Mary Leakey, English archaeologist and anthropologist (b. 1913)
• 1996 – Alain Poher, French politician (b. 1909)
• 1998 – Shaughnessy Cohen, Canadian politician (b. 1948)
• 1998 – Archie Moore, American boxer (b. 1913)
• 2001 – Michael Carver, British soldier (b. 1915)
• 2002 – Mary Hansen, Australian guitarist and singer (Stereolab) (b. 1966)
• 2002 – Ian Hornak, American painter and sculptor (b. 1944)
• 2002 – Stan Rice, American painter and poet (b. 1942)
• 2003 – Paul Simon, American politician (b. 1928)
• 2003 – Norm Sloan, American basketball coach (b. 1926)
• 2004 – David Brudnoy, American radio personality (b. 1940)
• 2004 – Lea De Mae, Czech actress (b. 1976)
• 2005 – György Sándor, Hungarian pianist (b. 1912)
• 2005 – Robert Sheckley, American author (b. 1928)
• 2006 – Koula Agagiotou, Greek actress (b. 1915)
• 2007 – Thore Skogman, Swedish entertainer (b. 1931)
• 2007 – Gordon Zahn, American sociologist and pacifist (b. 1918)
• 2008 – Ibrahim Dossey, Ghanaian football player (b. 1972)
• 2008 – Yuri Glazkov, Soviet cosmonaut (b. 1939)
• 2009 – Gene Barry, American actor (b.1919)

Holidays and observances

Russian World War I poster calling for donations on the Autumn Day of Saint George.

• Anna's Day, a Swedish name day, celebrating all people named Anna and marks the day to start the preparation process of the lutefisk to be consumed on Christmas Eve. (Sweden and Finland)
• Christian Feast Day
  • Juan Diego
  • Leocadia
  • Nectarius of Auvergne
  • Peter Fourier
• Day of Remembrance for Egil Skallagrimsson (Asatru)
• Feast of the Conception of the Most Holy Theotokos by St. Anne (Orthodox Church)
• Independence Day, celebrate the independence of Tanganyika from Britain in 1961. (Tanzania)
• International Anti-Corruption Day (International)
• National Heroes Day, formerly V.C. Bird Day. (Antigua and Barbuda)
• Yuri's Day in the Autumn (Russian Orthodox Church)

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada